Commentary: Leading longer lives but are we still ageist?

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Yet, there are fundamental questions about what ageing means in the US and abroad. This is important to consider, as stereotypical views of ageing can be health hazards themselves, as research has shown that holding negative perceptions of ageing can cut 7.5 years from one’s life.

In the early 1900s, US life expectancy at birth was under 50 years of age, and only a very small percentage of Americans lived to age 65.

As a result, people did not expect to live to an old age, and the concept of healthy ageing was unthinkable. Few people, including older adults, health care professionals, or policymakers, could imagine the costs of ageing with chronic conditions for individuals and society.

Now, ageing is a global phenomenon with 962 million people 60 years and older around the world, including about 78 million North Americans. 

With average life expectancy hovering around 80 and the possibility of living to 125 on the horizon, there is more attention to the contributors and consequences of living into one’s 80s, 90s, 100s, and beyond.

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Population ageing, with older people comprising an increasingly larger share of the population, is becoming the “new normal” throughout the world. This is resulting in the debunking of some stereotypes about global ageing as a phenomenon only occurring in the most developed countries. 

Although Japan and European countries have the highest percentages of older people, rates of population ageing are actually higher in many developing regions such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America and have huge implications for the welfare of older populations. 

With rapid globalisation and urbanisation, families are often more mobile, social support networks are breaking down, health care systems are inadequate, and older people are often left in remote villages to fend for themselves or care for young children left behind.

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On the positive side, the US can learn from how some countries are successfully dealing with their ageing populations and age-related conditions by considering “all in” community approaches such as dementia-friendly communities.

AGEISM RAMPANT

Despite the increased proportion of older people in our society, many people still hold stereotypical views of ageing and view seniors as less capable. Often, the images they hold depict ageing as synonymous with frailty, loneliness, and poverty.

Similarly, depictions of super-ageing, such as 90-year-olds running marathons, reflect extreme cases that are not necessarily the reality for most people in their 80s, 90s, or 100s, the age groups increasing most rapidly. 

Healthy ageing does not mean everyone needs to be at peak performance on every dimension; rather, it means everyone should live life to the fullest.

Foremost, it is important to combat ageism in all its forms requiring a shift in our thinking and policies away from negative ageing stereotypes.

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Recognising ageing as a societal and individual concern, it is important to identify concrete actions at all levels that can make a difference.

For grand-scale change, multiple sectors – ageing services, public health, and health care – and policymakers, health care professionals, families, and older people themselves can take action. 

There needs to be more public support enabling the growing number of perennials to engage in the well-documented keys to healthy ageing. These include having a positive attitude toward ageing, being physically active, having access to healthy foods, being socially connected, and living in safe communities.

Toward this end, several ageing advocacy groups have banded together to create a campaign to “re-frame” or “disrupt” ageing – stressing its positive aspects, but also recognising the realities of some age-related changes, such as declines in sensory abilities and chronic conditions.

A crucial factor is rethinking the role of older people in society and having meaningful roles throughout one’s life, whether paid or unpaid. 

We need to combat ageist views that make it difficult for older workers to maintain high-paying jobs or find new ones if they find themselves unemployed. 

As researchers, we have seen the positive impact of evidence-based programmes for chronic disease self-management, physical activity, falls prevention, and lifestyle enhancement for promoting health and independence.

THE CHALLENGE ISN'T GOING AWAY

By 2050, there will be more than 2 billion older people globally. By 2035, there will be more adults 65 and older than children under the age of 18 in the US.

This unprecedented transformation can bring about doom-and-gloom projections. While these numbers are game-changing, ageing demographics do not need to be destiny.

Such projections can also serve as a catalyst to action to create a society that values older people, fosters social and physical environments that are supportive for healthy ageing, encourages inter-generational commonalities over inter-generational conflicts, and emboldens older people to take charge of their own health. 

However, this requires a commitment to programmes and services that help older people maintain their health and functioning.

We want to envision a world where intimate relationships would be seen as natural at any age, most falls are preventable, technology is omnipresent to extend older adults’ health and well-being, and caregivers have support to maintain their valuable roles. 

Most importantly, we believe it is best for society as a whole if perennials do indeed remain in vibrant, productive roles whether at home, in the community, or at work.

Matthew Lee Smith is co-director of Texas A&M Center for Population Health and Aging at Texas A&M University. Marcia G Ory is regents and distinguished professor, as well as associate vice president for strategic partnerships and initiatives at the same university.

Basia Belza is the Aljoya Endowed Professor of aging and director of the de Tornyay Center for Healthy Aging at University of Washington.

This commentary first appeared on The Conversation. Read it here.